Composition

One thing to consider when composing your photograph is what to leave in the frame and what to cut out, either by repositioning the camera or by zooming the lens in or out.

When photographing people, there are a few things to remember. First, if you want a close up try to include the head and shoulders, but not much lower. If you want an upper body shot, it is usually best to stop at the waist, with the hands and arms included. If you stop lower, it appears that the subject's legs have been cut off. So, if you want a full body shot, back up and get the subject in the frame from head to toe, with a little surrounding scenery so that the picture doesn't look too crowded.

For all other subjects the most important thing to remember is to remove clutter. Either blur it out in the background, move the camera so that it isn't in the shot, or move the subject to a more pleasing area. Anything that isn't the main subject of your shot, or drawing attention to the main subject, should be removed. With this simple step, most ruined shots could be saved.